auxiliary

1 of 2

adjective

aux·​il·​ia·​ry ȯg-ˈzil-yə-rē How to pronounce auxiliary (audio)
-ˈzil-rē,
-ˈzi-lə- How to pronounce auxiliary (audio)
1
a
: offering or providing help
b
: functioning in a subsidiary capacity
an auxiliary branch of the state university
2
of a verb : accompanying another verb and typically expressing person, number, mood, or tense
In "I will go," the word "will" is an auxiliary verb.
3
a
: supplementary
a telescope with its auxiliary apparatus
b
: constituting a reserve
an auxiliary power plant
an auxiliary police force
4
of a boat : equipped with sails and a supplementary inboard engine
an auxiliary sloop

auxiliary

2 of 2

noun

plural auxiliaries
1
a
: an auxiliary person, group, or device
specifically : a member of a foreign force serving a nation at war
b
or auxiliary bishop : a Roman Catholic titular bishop assisting a diocesan bishop and not having the right of succession
2
: a sailing boat or ship equipped with a supplementary inboard engine
3
or auxiliary verb grammar : a verb (such as have, be, may, do, shall, will, can, or must) that is used with another verb in a verb phrase to show tense, to form a question, etc. : helping verb
In "I will go," the verb "will" is an auxiliary.

Note: The verbs have and be are used as auxiliaries to form the perfect tenses ("has worked," "had worked," "have been working," etc.) and the progressive tenses ("is talking," "was talking," "have been talking," etc.), respectively. The verb do functions as an auxiliary mainly in negative sentences ("I don't want to go"), in questions ("do you want to go?"), and in emphatic statements ("I really do want to go"). Do can also substitute for another verb that has just been stated ("I went, and so did she"). Another kind of auxiliary called a modal verb is used to change a verb's meaning to something other than simple fact (as to indicate permission, ability, prediction, possibility, or necessity). In the examples "it must be almost 10:00," "we can arrive early," and "may I call you tomorrow?" the verb forms must, can, and may are functioning as modal auxiliaries.

Did you know?

Auxiliary is used in a wide range of capacities in English to describe a person or thing that assists another. A fire department may bring in auxiliary units, for example, to battle a tough blaze, or a sailboat may be equipped with auxiliary engines to supply propulsion when the wind disappears. In grammar, an auxiliary verb assists another (main) verb to express person, number, mood, or tense, such as have in "They have been informed." The Latin source of auxiliary is auxilium, meaning "help."

Did you know?

What is an auxiliary verb?

An auxiliary verb, also called a helping verb, is a verb that is used with another verb (or two other verbs) in a verb phrase.

The auxiliary verbs (which include be, have, do, and the modal verbs like may, shall, will, can, and must) combine with verbs to do things like show a verb's tense or form a question.

Be, have, and do are used as both independent verbs and as auxiliary verbs.

Have is used to form all the perfect tenses, the tenses that are used to refer to an action or state that is completed at the time of speaking or at a time spoken of:

I have packed the car. (present perfect)

I had packed my suitcase the night before. (past perfect)

I will have packed everything by the time you arrive. (future perfect)

I will have been traveling for three weeks by the time I return. (future perfect progressive)

Be is used to form all the progressive tenses, the tenses that are used to refer to an action or state that is continuing to happen:

I am leaving soon. (present progressive)

I was making a few calls first. (imperfect tense, also called past progressive)

I will be driving across much of the country. (future progressive)

I will have been traveling for three weeks by the time I return. (future perfect progressive)

Be is also used in the passive voice, and to join infinitives plus to to the subject of a sentence or clause:

My route was recommended by a friend. (passive voice)

I am to arrive before nightfall.

Do occurs as an auxiliary verb mainly in negative sentences and in questions:

I do not have a map.

Do you have a map handy?

Do is also occasionally used for emphasis. In this use, do is followed by an infinitive without to:

I do think I'll be able to find my way without a problem.

Do may also substitute for another verb that has just been stated:

My dog enjoyed the drive immensely, and so did I.

A small group of auxiliary verbs, called the modal verbs (or modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries, or simply modals) are only used in combination with ordinary verbs. A modal verb changes the other verb's meaning to something different from simple fact. Modals may express permission, ability, prediction, possibility, or necessity.

The principal modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would.

The modal verbs are different from ordinary verbs in several ways:

1) They have no inflections at all; that is, they lack an -ing form, an -ed form, and even an -s form for the third-person singular.

2) A modal verb is always followed by the infinitive form of a verb (unless that verb has already been stated) but never follows another verb.

3) Modal verbs do not follow to and are not followed by to. (Ought to, like the near-modal verb have to, is a special case.)

In their simple form, modal verbs normally refer to present or future time:

I must be nearly there by now.

I might arrive a bit later than I'd anticipated.

A trip like this can take many hours more than one expects.

Examples of auxiliary in a Sentence

Adjective Travelers have also been griping about a lack of air-conditioning while planes are on the tarmac—even after delays stretch for hours. Airlines blame the problem on a breakdown of a plane's auxiliary power unit. Darren Everson, Wall Street Journal, 8 Aug. 2007
However, on March 1, 1896, Italian forces underwent a stunning defeat at Adwa, where they fought against the warriors of the Abyssinian emperor, Menelik. Some five thousand Italian troops and two thousand native auxiliary troops had been killed or captured, and the colony had been lost. Mirella Tenderini et al., The Duke of the Abruzzi, 1997
The rotund 6'1", 235-pound object of their affections hasn't played a day of major league baseball, he dresses in the auxiliary locker room, and he isn't even listed on Boston's 40-man roster. But after a resplendent summer last year at Triple A Pawtucket and a winter of panegyrics from a giddy Boston press, first baseman Maurice Samuel (Mo) Vaughn, 23, has arrived as a "real" rookie who everyone in Red Sox-land hopes is the real thing. Nicholas Dawidoff, Sports Illustrated, 1 Apr. 1991
a sailboat with an auxiliary engine the auditorium has an auxiliary cooling system used only on particularly sweltering days Noun More than 2,000 Guard members had already been activated to help with the coronavirus pandemic, Shiroma said, but they are being moved to help law enforcement and replaced by members of the California State Guard force, a volunteer auxiliary. Don Thompson, apnews.com, 2 June 2020
Roman cavalry was poorly developed; they relied on wings, called alae, of horsemen supplied by their auxiliaries. The favorite Roman battle formation was of a triple line of cohorts with alae sweeping the flanks. Kenneth P. Czech, MHQ : The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Autumn 1992
In bigger archdioceses, the archbishop cannot make long visits at many parishes; the auxiliaries will have to bear the brunt of most parish visitations. Thomas J. Reese, Archbishop, 1989
Recent Examples on the Web
Adjective
Back in Washington, the African American Civil War Museum has a volunteer auxiliary group called Female RE-Enactors of Distinction (FREED). Donna M. Owens, NBC News, 28 Feb. 2024 The two fabs and auxiliary facilities that are under construction represent a $40 billion investment from TSMC, the largest foreign direct investment in the state’s history. Corina Vanek, The Arizona Republic, 27 Feb. 2024 At that point, an auxiliary heat source kicks on, which is less efficient. IEEE Spectrum, 26 Feb. 2024 Instead, Havertz is now seen as an auxiliary attacker who makes up for Arsenal’s lack of a true goalscoring centre forward in the mould of someone like Erling Haaland. Graham Ruthven, Forbes, 25 Feb. 2024 Out of Fuel The aircraft didn’t have sufficient fuel capacity to reach Hawaii — the first leg of the trip to Fiji — so Brin and others authorized a mechanic in Santa Rosa to install an auxiliary system inside the fuselage to increase capacity, the suit alleged. Rachel Graf, Fortune, 21 Feb. 2024 Amy Bloomberg, director of volunteer and auxiliary services at Carroll Hospital, said the hospital wanted to distribute the cards to encourage patients. Allana Haynes, Baltimore Sun, 13 Feb. 2024 Authorities are asking the public to avoid auxiliary roads. Were there any injuries? Hannah Kirby, Journal Sentinel, 9 Feb. 2024 This could become a great auxiliary learning tool for virtual K-12 educational institutions. Vasilii Kiselev, Forbes, 22 Feb. 2024
Noun
The Peruvian government responded to this shoddy record by training the militias, giving them equipment, and eventually turning them into official state auxiliaries. Patricio Asfura-Heim, Foreign Affairs, 11 Mar. 2014 Hospital and foundation staff thanked the auxiliary and emphasized how much the auxiliary has contributed to the community. Linda McIntosh, San Diego Union-Tribune, 9 Dec. 2023 The Radar app was developed by activists with the All-Russia People’s Front, a patriotic organization created by President Vladimir Putin as an auxiliary to the governing United Russia political party. Mary Ilyushina, Washington Post, 20 Sep. 2023 Wayne will play two games Saturday, taking on Lawrence North (11:40 a.m. at Westfield main) and Brownsburg (2:20 p.m. at Carmel main), then turn around Sunday and play Carmel (10:20 a.m. at Carmel main) and Noblesville (2:20 p.m. at Carmel freshman/auxiliary). The Indianapolis Star, 22 June 2023 Cathedral will play Saturday vs. Center Grove (9 a.m. at Westfield main) and Plainfield (1 p.m. at Carmel freshman/auxiliary) and Sunday vs. Brownstown Central (10:20 a.m. at Westfield fieldhouse court 1) and Crown Point (1 p.m. at Westfield fieldhouse court 2). The Indianapolis Star, 22 June 2023 The department allowed the auxiliary firefighters to train and ride with regular city firefighters, and after the department integrated, Hardy chose to stay with the auxiliary. Frederick N. Rasmussen, baltimoresun.com, 7 Oct. 2021 The auxiliary presented the Spirit of Community Service plaque to Luna Marketing to hang in the store. Linda G. Kramer, cleveland, 22 Aug. 2022 So without getting into details on the lesser categories of vessels like auxiliaries and sealift, the fiscal 2024 long-range shipbuilding plan is not adequate to assure U.S. maritime dominance over the long run. Loren Thompson, Forbes, 20 Apr. 2023

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'auxiliary.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Adjective

Middle English, "(of a Roman soldier) not belonging to a regular legion," borrowed from Latin auxiliārius "giving aid, (of troops) supplementing the regular army," from auxilium "assistance, aid, supporting force, reinforcement" (derivative from the base of augēre "to increase") + -ārius -ary entry 1 — more at eke entry 2

Note: Though the etymological literature agrees that auxilium is somehow derived from augēre—the original sense having most likely been "augmentation, reinforcement"—the formation is unclear, both in regard to the nature of the interpolated -s- and the suffix -ili-. Ernout and Meillet (Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine) allude to a suggestion of P. Kretschmer (Glotta, 6. Band [1914], 1. Heft, pp. 30-33), that the plural auxilia "auxiliary contingents attached to Roman armies" was originally plural of an adjective *auxilis, formed from *aux- and the suffix -ilis, "tending to, capable of" (as in docilis "teachable," facilis "easy, accommodating"; see docile, facile). The attested singular auxilium would hence be a back-formation from auxilia. The -s- is dealt with by simply taking aux- as a by-form of aug- and in effect the weak form of a noun *augos cognate with Sanskrit ójas- "strength."

Noun

derivative of auxiliary entry 1

First Known Use

Adjective

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Noun

1567, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of auxiliary was in the 15th century

Dictionary Entries Near auxiliary

Cite this Entry

“Auxiliary.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/auxiliary. Accessed 19 Mar. 2024.

Kids Definition

auxiliary

1 of 2 adjective
aux·​il·​ia·​ry ȯg-ˈzil-yə-rē How to pronounce auxiliary (audio) -ˈzil-(ə-)rē How to pronounce auxiliary (audio)
: available to provide something extra when needed
auxiliary police

auxiliary

2 of 2 noun
plural auxiliaries
: an auxiliary person, group, or device

Medical Definition

auxiliary

1 of 2 adjective
aux·​il·​ia·​ry ȯg-ˈzil-yə-rē How to pronounce auxiliary (audio) -ˈzil-(ə-)rē How to pronounce auxiliary (audio)
: serving to supplement or assist
auxiliary springs in a dental appliance

auxiliary

2 of 2 noun
1
: one who assists or serves another person especially in dentistry
2
: an organization that assists (as by donations or volunteer services) the work especially of a hospital

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