gauge

1 of 2

noun

variants or less commonly
1
a
: a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some standard or system: such as
(1)
: the distance between the rails of a railroad
(2)
: the size of a shotgun barrel's inner diameter nominally expressed as the number of lead balls each just fitting that diameter required to make a pound
a 12-gauge shotgun
(3)
: the thickness of a thin material (such as sheet metal or plastic film)
(4)
: the diameter of a slender object (such as wire or a hypodermic needle)
(5)
: the fineness of a knitted fabric expressed by the number of loops per unit width
c
: measure sense 1
surveys are a gauge of public sentiment
2
: an instrument for or a means of measuring or testing: such as
a
: an instrument for measuring a dimension or for testing mechanical accuracy
b
: an instrument with a graduated (see graduate entry 1 sense transitive 2a) scale or dial for measuring or indicating quantity
3
: relative position of a ship with reference to another ship and the wind
4
: a function introduced into a field equation to produce a convenient form of the equation but having no observable physical consequences

gauge

2 of 2

verb

variants or less commonly gage
gauged also gaged; gauging also gaging

transitive verb

1
a
: to measure precisely the size, dimensions, or other measurable quantity of
b
: to determine the capacity or contents of
c
: estimate, judge
hard to gauge his moods
2
a
: to check for conformity to specifications or limits
b
: to measure off or set out

Did you know?

Gage vs. Gauge

There are two gages: one refers to pledges or securities and is no longer in common general use, and the other is a variant spelling of gauge, which in the noun form refers broadly to measurement (“fine-gauge wire”) or a standard by which something is measured (“polls are a good gauge of how voters might vote”). The earliest evidence we have for the noun gauge goes back to the 15th century, when English spelling was not yet standardized, and the word in question was spelled gauge and gage with roughly equal frequency. Gauge began to be preferred in the late 19th century for most general uses. Some claim that gage appears as a variant more frequently in the U.S., though our evidence shows that the vast majority of uses for gage are from specialized and technical industries, such as mechanical engineering, manufacturing, and electronics, and that these uses of gage are global, not limited to the U.S. Nonetheless, total use of the word gage is small when compared to the total use of the word gauge.

The verb gauge, which refers to measuring or estimating, also has a variant gage. This variant appears to show up primarily in informal sources, though not often. Gauge is by far the preferred spelling in general usage for both the noun and the verb; we encourage you use it.

Choose the Right Synonym for gauge

standard, criterion, gauge, yardstick, touchstone mean a means of determining what a thing should be.

standard applies to any definite rule, principle, or measure established by authority.

standards of behavior

criterion may apply to anything used as a test of quality whether formulated as a rule or principle or not.

questioned the critic's criteria for excellence

gauge applies to a means of testing a particular dimension (such as thickness, depth, diameter) or figuratively a particular quality or aspect.

polls as a gauge of voter dissatisfaction

yardstick is an informal substitute for criterion that suggests quantity more often than quality.

housing construction as a yardstick of economic growth

touchstone suggests a simple test of the authenticity or value of something intangible.

fine service is one touchstone of a first-class restaurant

Examples of gauge in a Sentence

Noun The broadest gauge of the economy—the gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation—has risen little more than 4% since the recovery began. Alfred L. Malabre, Jr., Wall Street Journal, 26 July 1993
Verb Through history, the powers of single black men flash here and there like falling stars, and die sometimes before the world has rightly gauged their brightness. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 1903
On the other hand, no one supposes that the intellect of any two animals or of any two men can be accurately gauged by the cubic contents of their skulls. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, 1871
Incommunicative as he was, some time elapsed before I had an opportunity of gauging his mind. I first got an idea of its calibre when I heard him preach in his own church at Morton. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, 1847
Home sales provide a useful way of gauging the overall state of the economy. He accurately gauged the mood of the voters. I was gauging her reaction to the news. instruments for gauging temperature and humidity
Recent Examples on the Web
Noun
But the gauge slipped to 76.9 last month from 79 in January, weighed down by persistent inflation. USA TODAY, 10 Mar. 2024 When shopping for sheet pans, look for thick metal — aluminum or aluminized steel — with a heavy gauge (13 to 18 gauge). Olga Massov, Washington Post, 4 Mar. 2024 One gauge at the highest elevations of Alpine Meadows ski resort recorded a gust of 143 mph Thursday night. 1 of 4 A motorist drives along Interstate 80 eastbound in Truckee, Calif., on Friday, March 1, 2024. Jane Tyska, The Mercury News, 1 Mar. 2024 Wind gauges help calculate weather variables to line up shots. Thomas Gibbons-Neff, New York Times, 26 Feb. 2024 Some feel that because of the recent economic data this week’s PCE gauge will come in hotter than expected this week. Tom Aspray, Forbes, 25 Feb. 2024 Counties blocking solar power are nearly equal to counties adding it USA TODAY's analysis, backed by energy and academic experts, gauges which counties have effectively blocked or impeded new utility-scale wind and solar power. Elizabeth Weise, USA TODAY, 22 Feb. 2024 How to Get Your Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Checked Blood pressure readings can be done at a doctor’s office, as well as with home monitoring machines that use a cuff and gauge. Korin Miller, Verywell Health, 20 Feb. 2024 In its most recent gauge of voter sentiment, the Congress Party lost three out of four regional votes in key state elections in December, giving a boost to Modi and his BJP. Rhea Mogu, CNN, 16 Feb. 2024
Verb
The statute, which Gov. Ronald Reagan signed into law in 1970, requires developers to gauge the environmental effects of their projects and plan how to mitigate them — and allows the public to challenge them. Jireh Deng, Los Angeles Times, 11 Mar. 2024 The rules are likely to be adopted, but companies and their lawyers are watching the action closely to gauge the prospect that a potential lawsuit could mean companies don’t have to work on figuring out the rule in the meantime. Amanda Gerut, Fortune, 6 Mar. 2024 The system also incorporates a permittivity sensor, which will help ensure accurate radar range gauging and gather scientific data about the ice body. IEEE Spectrum, 4 Mar. 2024 This means sellers are not only able to gauge market responses to specific products using historical data but can also forecast their sales performance based on over 100 real-time factors. Chris Gallagher, The Arizona Republic, 2 Mar. 2024 The nonprofit organization Open Web Advocacy began conducting a survey to gauge how many developers would be affected by the discontinuation of iPhone web apps. Emma Roth, The Verge, 1 Mar. 2024 In his view, the research sheds light on how one particular insect invasion has unfolded, but also boosts our broader understanding of what’s biologically possible and how to gauge the risk of future species introductions–just a single colony can spur a whole population. Popular Science, 29 Feb. 2024 Endeavor to have meaningful conversations to gauge individual needs in conversations around Black History Month. Simone E. Morris, Forbes, 27 Feb. 2024 In response to those worries, Circuit Judge Richard Brueggemann has allowed for a survey of the county's population to gauge public opinion about issues related to the case ahead of trial. Quinlan Bentley, The Enquirer, 27 Feb. 2024

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'gauge.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Noun

Middle English gauge, gage "fixed standard of measure," borrowed from Anglo-French gauge, gouge "standard of liquid measure, tax paid to an official who determined the capacity of containers" (continental Old and Middle French jauge "graduated rod used for measuring liquid capacity, measurement by such a rod, capacity of a cask"), perhaps going back to Old Low Franconian *galga "rod, beam," going back to Germanic *galgōn "pole, stake, pole on which a condemned person was hung"; (sense 4) translation of German Massstab — more at gallows entry 1

Note: The semantic supposition behind this etymology is that the Old Low Franconian etymon retained the sense "rod" (lost elsewhere in Germanic) which was specialized to refer to a kind of measuring rod in Gallo-Romance. For detailed argumentation and bibliography see Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (online) at entry jauge.

Verb

Middle English gawgyn, gagen, borrowed from Anglo-French gauger, derivative of gauge gauge entry 1

First Known Use

Noun

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Verb

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of gauge was in the 15th century

Dictionary Entries Near gauge

Cite this Entry

“Gauge.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gauge. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.

Kids Definition

gauge

1 of 2 noun
variants also gage
ˈgāj
1
: measurement according to some standard or system: as
a
: the distance between the rails of a railroad
b
: the size of a shotgun expressed as the number of lead balls of the same size as the interior diameter of the barrel required to make a pound
a 12-gauge shotgun
c
: the thickness of sheet metal or the diameter of wire or a screw
d
: the fineness of a knitted fabric in loops per unit of width
2
: an instrument for measuring, testing, or registering

gauge

2 of 2 verb
variants also gage
gauged also gaged; gauging also gaging
1
a
: to measure exactly
b
: to find out the capacity or contents of
2
gauger noun

Medical Definition

gauge

1 of 2 noun
variants also gage
1
a
: measurement according to some standard or system
b
: the dimensions or extent of something
2
: an instrument for or a means of measuring or testing
3
: the diameter of a slender object (as a hypodermic needle)

gauge

2 of 2 transitive verb
variants also gage
gauged also gaged; gauging also gaging
1
a
: to measure exactly
b
: to determine the capacity or contents of
2
a
: to check for conformity to specifications or limits
b
: to measure off or set out

More from Merriam-Webster on gauge

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